Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. Buchanan later pardoned Young. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. The status of four was unknown. Provo, Utah Area. He died of appendicitis in August of 1877. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri in 1838. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. His father was a revolutionary war veteran. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. His call was to preach to the "remnants of Joseph," a term people in the Church used to refer to indigenous people. Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. A key element of the teachings of this group in Young's eyes was their practicing of spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. Wagonmaster Luke Winner (Morgan Woodward) feels compelled to leave the instrument behind until Ridges finds solid rock under the sand. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. [65] Not all church members followed Young. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. [2] His last words were "Joseph! Joe . In June 1844 while Young was away, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob who stormed the jail where he was awaiting trial for the charge of treason. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[161]. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. BYU, which is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, forbids sexual activity among members of the student body, much less between a . The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. Over the course of his nearly 40 years teaching at Brigham Young, Mr. Woodworth has served as an adviser for unofficial student beard clubs on several occasions. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). The Center also supported student training for life-long temple and family history service. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. [149] It is believed that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. Young was played by Dean Jagger in the 1940 film Brigham Young. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. After bearing mortal children and establishing the human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam acts as the god of this world. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. . [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. [36] He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, forced him to flee the community in December 1837. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. What is A person who sells flower is called? Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. [194] He encounters Joseph Smith and attempts to ambush his party of Mormons, but, rather than engaging with "the Clitoris Man", Smith shows mercy, rubbing one of the frogs that God has given him to have sex with to cure his AIDS on Young's face, curing his AIDS, and so moving him that he decides to convert to the faith. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Supremacy and the Mormon Movement", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1142007408, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Harold B. Lee Library-related 19th century articles, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 01:13. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? With the onset of the Panic of 1819, Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship and Young moved to Port Byron, which was then called Bucksville. Since Young's death, a number of works have published collections of his discourses and sayings. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. "John D. Lee Arrested". Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. Young achieved greatest success in real estate. Young's father was a farmer, and when Young was three years old his family moved to upstate New York, settling in Chenango County. In the 1995 film The Avenging Angel, the role of Young was played by Charlton Heston. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. The proclamation is very clear: . From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. 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