* url myUrl. This demonstrates a Java Maven + JUnit 5 project set up to test a Spring Boot app. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ You can even remove JSON array elements by index. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. If you use the above config, logs will be captured in target/karate.log. Though not really recommended, you can have multiple Scenario-s within a Feature tagged with @setup. When you have a runner class in place, it would be possible to run it from the command-line as well. And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script. The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. Billie Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. For example: You can reset default settings by using the following short-cut: Since you can use configure any time within a test, you have control over which requests or steps you want to show / hide. 1. And as a convenience, whatever object is returned, can be re-used in future steps. Get the current page title for matching. Features API and UI automation Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. The recommended approach for Karate reporting in a Continuous Integration set-up is described in the next section which can generate the JUnit XML format that most CI tools can consume. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. It was first mentioned on Thoughtworks Technology Radar in April 2019 as a language/framework to assess. Especially when payloads are complex (or highly dynamic), it may be more practical to use contains semantics. and & will be automatically inserted. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. Also make sure that you complete the set up of things like url, param, header, configure etc. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). By now, it should be clear that JsonPath can be very useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object. Make sure you call go() at the end - if the last method in the chain is not click() or up(). Use either the param keyword, e.g. And it is used to create a variable. These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. So trying to use driver.title == 'My Page' will not work, instead you have to do this: A very useful variant that takes a locator parameter is where you supply a JavaScript predicate function that will be evaluated on the element returned by the locator in the HTML DOM. { function(s) { *.js, *.json, *.txt) as well and it is much more convenient to see the *.java and *.feature files and all related artifacts in the same place. Since replace auto-converts the result to a string, make sure you perform type conversion back to JSON (or XML) if applicable. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. Although all properties in the passed JSON-like argument are unpacked into the current scope as separate named variables, it sometimes makes sense to access the whole argument and this can be done via __arg. # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? (not) operator is especially useful for contains and JSON arrays. Example: Set the HTML form-element value. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! Note that the Content-Type header will be automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded. The BDD syntax that Cucumber has gone on to popularize is language-neutral, which makes it easy for nonprogrammers as well. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. And this call is using shared scope. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. Step 1: Create a feature file under src > test > java folder. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). }, And yes, you can use an if statement in Karate ! The default is 30000 (30 seconds). Refer to your IDE documentation for how to run a JUnit class. In the post request, instead of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is done by embedded expression. """, # karate's unified data handling means that even 'match' works, # which means that checking if a cookie does NOT exist is a piece of cake, # check if the response status is either of two values, # this may be sufficient to check a range of values. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. 1. # if the expression begins with "_" or "! This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. What started as a powerful, scriptable framework combining API and UI test automation, is adopted as a best-practice today - in teams around the world. Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. And then you have two options. Here we want to call a file only if a condition is satisfied: Or if we dont care about the result, we can eval an if statement: And this may give you more ideas. In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. To define Karate DSL, in simple words, we can say that it is a blend of API test-automation, mocks and performance-testing with UI-testing into a single, unified framework. Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. A common requirement is to pass dynamic parameter values via the command line, and you can use the karate.properties['some.name'] syntax for getting a system property passed via JVM options in the form -Dsome.name=foo. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. By Clicking on each step in report we can see the steps information. These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. Powerful JSON & XML assertions are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. You can do this. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. In rare cases, you may want to check what the type of the response is and it can be one of 3 different values: json, xml and string. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. For an example of how JavaScript looks like on the Karate side see Function Composition. Since templates can be loaded using the classpath: prefix, you can even re-use templates across your projects via Java JAR files. return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. { Note that waitForUrl() will also act as an assertion, so you dont have to do an extra match. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. If you need the position of an element relative to the current viewport, you can pass an extra boolean argument set to true (false will return the absolute position) : 2 string arguments: locator and value to enter. In below image we can see I have created feature file. This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. You can always use a JavaScript switch case within an eval or function block. If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. var jd = new JavaDemo(); And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. Also see the option below, where you can data-drive an Examples: table using JSON. So you can do this, without needing the https:// part: You can also switch by page index if you know it: This sets context to a chosen frame (or